Elisa Hedman
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Feeding and body condition through pregnancy
How feeding a pregnant dog should change across pregnancy — steady through the first two-thirds, then a substantial increase and food switch in the final third.
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Daily care and hygiene routines
Most of what keeps a litter healthy is a short routine done every day. The daily hands-on check, cleaning and bedding, handling as habituation, records, and the dam’s own care.
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Fluids, energy and blood sugar in the newborn
Why newborn puppies are prone to hypoglycemia and rapid dehydration, how to recognize it, and first-aid steps before the vet.
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Calculating the due date
Why the mating date alone gives an unreliable due-date estimate, and why counting 63 days from confirmed ovulation is far more accurate.
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Due-date calculator
A step-by-step method for estimating a dog’s due date by hand, from ovulation data or a mating date, and how to refine it as pregnancy progresses.
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The puppy environment: space, surfaces and setup
At three weeks the whelping box stops being an adequate world. How to design the space that replaces it — zones, surfaces, substrate and enrichment — rather than assembling it.
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Physical development of the growing litter
The typical order of developmental milestones from three to eight weeks — senses, teeth, movement, and independent elimination.
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Warmth and the whelping-box microclimate
Target whelping-box temperatures by week, safe heating setup, and how to read piling or scattering behavior as a temperature signal.
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Animal welfare and breeding ethics: the principles behind every decision
Most breeding decisions aren’t right versus wrong, but two things you value pulling against each other. Five practical principles for deciding well: welfare as the tie-breaker, the trade-offs you don’t make, transparency, the ethics of numbers, and law as the…
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The neonatal period: keeping newborn puppies alive and thriving
The full guide to the neonatal period — the highest-stakes three weeks of a puppy’s life, and why most of the biggest risks are manageable.
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